1PARA )PAR@ ` ITEXT ` ;Fonda, Jane1937╨ actor and businesswomanBorn in New York City on December 21, 1937, Jane Fonda was raised among actors╤her father, Henry, and her brother, Peter. Her mother, Frances Seymour Brokaw, was a Boston society woman whose family descended from Samuel Adams. She grew up in Los Angeles where she attended the Brentwood Town and Country School. Later she attended the Greenwich Academy in Connecticut and the Emma Willard School in Troy, New York. When Fonda was 13 years old, her mother, while a patient at a private sanatorium, took her own life. Eight months later her father married Susan Blanchard.Fonda first appeared on stage with her father the summer after her graduation from the Emma Willard School and appeared with him again the following summer at the Cape Playhouse in Dennis, Massachusetts. She had no intention of making acting a career, however╤she said she was ╥terrified of acting╙╤and her father neither encouraged nor discouraged her in this direction. She had enrolled at Vassar College in the fall of 1955, but left college after two years and traveled to Paris to study art. When she returned to the U.S., she settled in New York City to study both art and music. She also worked briefly for the Paris Review. In 1958, Fonda became one of Lee Strasberg╒s students at the Actors Studio in New York City, where she was introduced to Method acting, an acting style in which actors draw on personal memories and emotions to perform. She supported herself by working as a fashion model for magazines such as Vogue. After a 1959 screen test given by Joshua Logan, one of her father╒s oldest friends, she was offered a five-year contract to perform in one movie a year. She made her Broadway debut in There Was a Little Girl, 1960, a controversial play about the effects of rape on a young girl and the people close to her. The play was unsuccessful, as were her follow-up Broadway outings, Invitations to a March, 1960, and The Fun Couple, 1962. In her last stage role in 1963, she starred in Eugene O╒Neil╒s Strange Interlude at the Actors Studio. Her film debut was in the campus comedy Tall Story, 1960, and it was followed by A Walk on the Wild Side, 1962, Period of Adjustment, 1962, The Chapman Report, 1962, In the Cool of the Day, 1963, and Sunday in New York, 1964.In 1963 she traveled to France again. She met and married film director Roger Vadim and accepted roles in several of his films, while also shooting Cat Ballou, 1965, The Chase, 1966, Barefoot in the Park, 1967, Hurry Sundown, 1967, and Any Wednesday, 1967, in the United States. In 1970, her five-year marriage to Vadim ended, primarily because their political views increasingly differed; she had been politicized by the student uprising in Paris in 1968 and by the Vietnam War. Back in the U.S. she became an antiwar activist. A trip to North Vietnam in 1972, during which she appealed to American airmen over Radio Hanoi to stop the bombing, particularly angered opponents, who called her ╥Hanoi Jane.╙ Among her most determined opponents was the Nixon administration itself, which placed her and her friends under F.B.I. surveillance.During this time Fonda starred in They Shoot Horses, Don╒t They?, 1969, a role for which she earned a Best Actress award from the New York Film Critics, and in Klute, 1971, for which she received another New York Film Critics╒ Award as well as an Oscar. In 1973, she married Tom Hayden, a founder of the Students for a Democratic Society, and spent the next few years working on his unsuccessful campaign for a seat in the U.S. Senate. After 1975 she returned to her film career, starring in Fun With Dick and Jane, 1977, and Julia, 1977. By 1977, with producer Bruce Gilbert, Fonda had formed her own production company, IPC Films. IPC╤which stood for ╥Indochina Peace Campaign╙╤set out to make entertaining movies that carried a social message, and she starred in several of them. Her role in Coming Home, 1978, about a Vietnam veteran and his lover, earned her an Oscar; in The China Syndrome, 1979, a woman news reporter exposes the cover-up of a nuclear plant accident; and in Nine to Five, 1980, with Lily Tomlin and Dolly Parton, women office workers kidnap their male boss and run the office without him. IPC later produced On Golden Pond, 1981, in which she starred alongside her father, who died four months after receiving an Oscar for his role. In 1984, she won an Emmy award for her portrayal of the title role in The Dollmaker, a made-for-television movie.After battling bulimia for years, she began her own public fitness campaign in the late 1970s. She opened her first ╥Workout╙ studio in Beverly Hills, California, and began offering fitness classes that stressed aerobic exercises performed to the beat of recorded music. She was given major credit for the vast popularity that aerobics enjoyed in the 1980s. Her workout studio soon developed into a chain, and their great success led to a series of bestsellers that included: Jane Fonda╒s Workout Book, 1981, Jane Fonda╒s Workout Book for Pregnancy, Birth and Recovery, 1982, and Women Coming of Age, 1984. In turn the books spawned a series of bestselling records and videocassettes for at-home exercisers, and even an eponymous line of exercise clothing.Later films included Agnes of God, 1985, The Morning After, 1986, and Stanley and Iris, 1990. She largely curtailed her acting career after her marriage in 1991 to communications tycoon Ted Turner, but made occasional forays back into the spotlight. In 1994 she narrated ╥A Century of Women,╙ a television series that celebrated women╒s achievements in the 20th century. ₧styl ` T ! ¬ 5¬ 5¬ / !I ¬ !I ▐ ╢ !I o 5¬ p !I ▀ !I δ !I ∩ 5¬ ≡ !I !I !I ╫ !I ε !I û !I ¼ !I ╕ !I ╞ !I !I !I _ !I i !I ê !I ƒ !I º !I ╗ !I ├ !I ╒ !I ▌ !I ≤ !I !I !I 5¬ !I » !I ╣ !I ┴ !I ╩ !I ╥ !I µ !I ε !I √ !I
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